Work visa for Spain: Types, requirements and processes

Spain consistently ranks high on the list of desirable destinations for expats. Whether you envision yourself working remotely from a sun-drenched terrace or becoming an integral part of a thriving Spanish company, understanding the visa and work permit requirements is paramount for a smooth transition. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process, equipping you with the knowledge and resources to make your aims a reality.

Do you need a visa to work in Spain?

Citizens of the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries enjoy freedom of movement, which allows them to live and work in Spain without a visa. However, it's important to note that even EU/EEA citizens may need to register with the local authorities and obtain a residence certificate.

If you are not an EU/EEA citizen, you will generally require a visa to work in Spain. The specific type of visa you need depends on several factors, including your nationality, the nature of your work, and the intended length of your stay.

Tips for a successful work visa application in Spain

Navigating the visa application process can sometimes feel overwhelming, but with a little preparation and the right approach, you can increase your chances of success. Here are some valuable tips to keep in mind:

• Start early: The visa application process can be time-consuming, so it's crucial to start early and gather all the required documents well in advance of your intended travel date. This will give you ample time to address any unexpected delays or complications.
• Be meticulous: Ensure that all your documents are complete, accurate, and translated into Spanish if necessary. Pay close attention to the specific requirements outlined by the Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country.
• Honesty is key: Provide truthful information in your application and during the visa interview. Any inconsistencies or attempts to misrepresent information can jeopardise your application.
• Follow instructions: Carefully follow the instructions provided by the Spanish consulate or embassy. These instructions may vary depending on your nationality and the type of visa you are applying for.
• Seek expert advice: If you have any doubts or encounter complex situations, consider seeking advice from an immigration lawyer or consultant specialising in Spanish visas. They can provide personalised guidance and ensure your application meets all the necessary criteria.

Work visa vs. work permit in Spain

It's important to understand the distinction between a work visa and a work permit, as these terms are often used interchangeably but have different meanings in the context of Spanish immigration.

• Work permit in Spain: A work permit is an authorisation granted by the Spanish authorities to a Spanish employer, allowing them to hire a foreign worker. The employer applies for the work permit on behalf of the employee.
• Work visa in Spain: A work visa is a document that allows a foreign national to enter and reside in Spain for the purpose of working. You apply for a work visa at the Spanish consulate in your home country after your employer has obtained the work permit.

In essence, the work permit is the employer's authorisation to hire you, while the work visa is your authorisation to enter and work in Spain.

Types of work visas in Spain

Spain offers a variety of work visas designed to accommodate different employment situations. Let's explore some of the most common types:

• Work visa for employed persons: This visa is for individuals who have received a job offer from a Spanish company. Your employer plays a crucial role in this process by requesting a work permit on your behalf from the Spanish authorities. Once the work permit is approved, you can proceed with your visa application at the Spanish consulate in your home country. The Spanish government usually issues work visas when the job is recognized as a shortage occupation or if no other suitable candidates are available from the EU. This type of visa is also known as a long-term work visa.
• Seasonal worker visa: If your plan is to work in Spain for a specific period, typically within the agricultural or tourism sectors, you may be eligible for a seasonal worker visa. Similar to the employed person visa, your employer must first obtain a work permit for you before you can apply for the visa at the Spanish consulate. To be eligible for this visa, your employer must provide you with suitable accommodation, cover your travel costs to and from Spain, and you must agree to return to your home country when the contract is finished. This visa is sometimes referred to as working holiday visa and can be granted for up to a maximum of 9 months.
• EU Blue card: Highly skilled professionals from non-EU/EEA countries with a job offer in Spain can apply for the EU Blue Card. This card grants them the right to work and live in Spain. You can apply for an EU Blue Card if you have a higher education qualification, which took a minimum of three years to complete, or you have a minimum of five years of professional experience at the same level. You also need a work contract or a legally binding job offer. The job must have a salary of at least 1.5 times the average wage in Spain. The current minimum annual salary for an EU Blue Card applicant in Spain is €33,908.
• Self-employed visa: If you're an entrepreneur or freelancer with aspirations of establishing your own business in Spain, the self-employed work visa is the route for you. This visa requires a comprehensive business plan, proof of sufficient financial means, and meeting specific requirements set by the Spanish government. To apply for a self-employed work visa in Spain, you must not be a citizen of the European Union (EU), be over 18 years old, not be in Spain with irregular immigration status, and have no criminal record. To understand more about being self-employed in Spain, read our helpful guide.
• Digital nomad visa: Introduced in 2023 as part of Spain's Startup Act, this visa allows non-EU/EEA citizens to live and work remotely in Spain for up to five years. To be eligible, you must meet certain requirements, such as having a valid passport, proof of employment with a non-Spanish company or clients outside of Spain, a minimum monthly income, and health insurance. This visa offers a fantastic opportunity for remote workers and freelancers to experience the Spanish lifestyle while contributing to the global economy. In addition to providing the required documents, a digital nomad must prove a sustainable income of approximately €2,650 per month. To find out more about the digital nomad visa, read our detailed guide.
• Researcher visa: This visa caters to researchers who will be conducting research at a Spanish university or research institution.
• Highly qualified professional visa: This visa is tailored for professionals with a specific skill set that is in high demand in Spain. The Highly Qualified Professionals work permit is designed for applicants with postgraduate degrees from universities or educational establishments, vocational training or business school qualifications, or three years of experience.
• Intra-company transfer visa: This visa facilitates the transfer of employees within multinational companies to a branch in Spain. To qualify for this visa, applicants must have been employed by the company for at least three months.
• Family reunification visa: Non-EU citizens' family members who have lived and worked in Spain for at least one year and have a valid residence permit can apply for a family reunification visa. This visa allows family members to join their relatives in Spain and work without needing a separate work permit, which can be a valuable option for families who wish to relocate to Spain together.

Visa requirements for working in Spain

While the specific requirements may vary slightly depending on the type of visa you are applying for, here's a general overview of the common documents and criteria you'll need to fulfil:

Work visa fees for Spain

In addition to the documentation and requirements mentioned above, it's essential to be aware of the visa fees associated with your application. These fees are non-refundable, even if your application is denied. The exact cost of a Spanish work visa can vary depending on your nationality and the type of visa. It's advisable to check the website of the Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country for the most up-to-date fee information. Certain nationals might be eligible for fee reductions or waivers.

Visa fees currently fall within the following ranges:

• Employed work visa: €60-160
• Seasonal work visa: €73-550
• Self-employed work visa: €120-1447
• EU Blue card visa: €418

Work visa application process in Spain

The application process for a Spanish work visa typically involves the following steps:

1. Job offer and work permit: If you are applying for an employed person visa, the first step is to secure a job in Spain. Your employer will then initiate the work permit application process on your behalf.
2. Preparing your application: Once the work permit is approved (if applicable), you can begin preparing your visa application. This involves gathering all the necessary documents, completing the visa application form, and ensuring everything meets the specific requirements for your chosen visa category.
3. Scheduling an appointment: Contact the Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country to schedule an appointment for your visa application. Availability may vary, so it's advisable to book your appointment well in advance. Your local Spanish consulate or embassy with provide you with a checklist of the documents needed for your country of origin.
4. Submitting your application: Attend your visa appointment at the scheduled time. During the appointment, you will submit your application and supporting documents to a consular officer.
5. Attending the visa interview: In most cases, you will be required to attend a visa interview. The consular officer will review your application, ask questions about your purpose of travel, and assess your eligibility for the visa.
6. Paying the visa fee: You will need to pay the visa fee at the time of your application. Payment methods may vary, so it's best to confirm the accepted methods with the consulate beforehand. Normally, you can pay for this online with a credit card.
7. Waiting for processing: The processing time for a Spanish work visa can vary depending on your nationality and the volume of applications being processed at the consulate. It's essential to factor this processing time into your travel plans. Typically, the processing time ranges from two to six weeks. However, it's essential to apply early and be aware that delays may occur due to incomplete documentation or high application volumes. You may also need to factor in that a work permit application can take up to eight months.
8. Collecting your work visa: Once your visa is approved, you can collect it from the consulate or embassy. You will be notified when your visa is ready for collection.

Spanish work visa validity and renewal periods

Understanding the validity period of your visa and the renewal process is crucial for maintaining your legal status in Spain. Here's a breakdown of the typical validity and renewal options for each visa type:

It's important to initiate the visa renewal process well before your visa expiration date to avoid any lapse in your legal status. Consult with the Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country or the immigration authorities in Spain for specific guidance on renewing your particular visa type.

Spanish work visa exemptions

While most non-EU/EEA citizens require a work visa, certain professions are exempt from this requirement. These exemptions typically apply to individuals in specialised fields who contribute significantly to Spanish society. Some examples include:

• University professors and researchers
• Scientists and technicians involved in research projects
• Foreign correspondents and journalists
• Artists and performers coming to Spain for specific events
• Clergy and religious workers
• Trade union representatives

Living and working in Spain

Once you've successfully obtained your Spanish work visa and are ready to embark on your new adventure, you will need to take care of some essential formalities upon arrival:

• Register with local authorities: Within three months of your arrival, you must register with the local authorities (Oficina de Extranjería) in the province where you will be residing. This registration will provide you with a residence certificate (TIE – Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero), which is a crucial document for various purposes, such as opening a bank account, accessing healthcare, and renting a property.
• Social security number: To work legally in Spain and access social security benefits, you'll need to obtain a Spanish social security number (Número de Seguridad Social). Your employer will usually assist you with this process, which involves registering with the Social Security office and providing your employment contract and other relevant documents. Read our article on Spain's social security system to understand more.
• Taxation: As a resident of Spain, you will be subject to Spanish income tax. Familiarising yourself with the tax regulations and deadlines is essential to ensure compliance. Understand your obligations by learning more about the Spanish tax system.
• Healthcare: Spain boasts a public healthcare system (Sistema Nacional de Salud) that provides access to medical services for residents. You can register with the National Health Service once you have your residence certificate and social security number.
• Language: While English is spoken in tourist areas and some international companies, learning Spanish will significantly enhance your experience in Spain. It will enable you to communicate effectively with locals, navigate daily life with ease, and truly immerse yourself in the culture.

Spain's approach to foreign workers

Spain generally welcomes foreign workers and recognises their valuable contributions to the economy and society. The country offers various visa options to accommodate different skill sets and employment situations, and the application process, while thorough, is generally straightforward. Compared to some other European countries, Spain's visa requirements are often considered less stringent, making it an attractive destination for those seeking new opportunities abroad.

Working in Spain can be an incredibly rewarding experience, offering a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in a vibrant culture, advance your career, and embrace a different way of life. By understanding the visa and work permit requirements, meticulously preparing your application, and fulfilling the necessary formalities after arrival, you can set the stage for a successful and fulfilling work adventure in Spain. Remember to start the application process early, gather all the required documents, and seek professional advice if needed. With careful planning and a positive attitude, you'll be well on your way to enjoying the many benefits of working and living in this beautiful country. If you would like to know more, please dive into our comprehensive guide and articles on working in Spain.